Why was james ii overthrown
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James II
| Reproduced from H. B. Wheatley, ed., The Diary of Samuel Pepys, 9 vols. (London: George Bell & Sons, 1894) 4:: 152. |
Life
James II was born in 1633, three years after the birth of his brother Charles, and was named after his grandfather James I, the first of the Stuart kings of England. His childhood was, like that of his brother, marred by the events of the English Civil War, which broke out when he was only 9 years old; he spent much of the next 5 years travelling with his father's armies. When Charles I was surrendered to Parliament, James was permitted to join him in his captivity at Hampton Court in 1647; he escaped, however, to the Continent in April 1648, joining his mother Henrietta-Maria in France. It was in her company that he learned of the execution of his father in January of 1649.
During the 1650s, James took up the soldier's trade, serving in the armies of the French King, Louis XIV, and establishing for himself the beginnings of a reputation as a brave and effective soldier. It was as a military man that he returned
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James II (1633 - 1701)
James II ©James was a Stuart king of England, Scotland and Ireland who in 1688 was overthrown in the 'Glorious Revolution' by William III.
James was born on 14 October 1633 to Charles I and his French wife, Henrietta Maria and was named after his grandfather, James I and VI. During the English Civil War he was captured but fled to exile on the continent. He distinguished himself a soldier, returning to England at the Restoration of his brother, Charles II, in 1660. He commanded the Royal Navy from1660 to1673. In 1660, James married Anne Hyde, daughter of Charles II's chief minister and they had two surviving children, Mary and Anne. In 1669, James converted to Catholicism and took a stand against a number of anti-Catholic moves, including the Test Act of 1673. This did not impede his succession to the throne on Charles' death in 1685.
Later that year James faced rebellion, led by Charles II's illegitimate son the Duke of Monmouth. The rebellion was easily crushed after the battle of Sedgemoor in 1685, and savage punishments were imposed by the inf
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James II of England
King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1685 to 1688
| James II and VII | |
|---|---|
Portrait by Peter Lely | |
| Reign | 6 February 1685 – 23 December 1688 |
| Coronation | 23 April 1685 |
| Predecessor | Charles II |
| Successors | Mary II and William III & II |
| Born | 14 October 1633 (N.S.: 24 October 1633) St James's Palace, Westminster, England |
| Died | 16 September 1701 (aged 67)[a] (N.S.) Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France |
| Burial | Church of the English Benedictines, Paris[b] |
| Spouses | Anne Hyde (m. 1660; died 1671) |
| Issue more... | Illegitimate: |
| House | Stuart |
| Father | Charles I of England |
| Mother | Henrietta Maria of France |
| Religion | |
| Signature | |
James II and VII (14 October 1633 O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685, until he was deposed in the 1688 Glorious Revolution. The last Catholic monarch of England, Scotl
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