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David Livingstone

British colonialist and missionary to Africa (1813–1873)

For other people named David Livingstone, see David Livingstone (disambiguation).

David LivingstoneFRGS FRS (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, pioneer Christian missionary^[2] with the London Missionary Society, and an explorer in Africa. Livingstone was married to Mary Moffat Livingstone, from the prominent 18th-century Moffat missionary family.^[3] Livingstone came to have a mythic status that operated on a number of interconnected levels: Protestant missionary martyr, working-class "rags-to-riches" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion. As a result, Livingstone became one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era.

Livingstone's fame as an explorer and his obsession with learning the sources of the Nile was founded on the belief that if he could solve that age-old mystery, his f

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Livingstone and the Lion at the David Livinsgtone Centre in Blantyre

David Livingstone lived from 19 March 1813 to 1 May 1873. From a childhood of poverty he became one of the most famous of the European missionaries and explorers who opened up the interior of Africa during the mid 1800s. Such was his celebrity in his own day that when he died, his body was returned for burial in Westminster Abbey.

David Livingstone was born in Blantyre, at the time a mill village on the banks of the River Clyde some eight miles south-east of Glasgow. His mother and father were among the 2000 people employed in the Blantyre Cotton Mills and the family, including David's four brothers and sisters, lived in a single room in a tenement they shared with 23 other families in what was known as Shuttle Row. This now forms part of the David Livingstone Centre, a museum commemorating Livingstone's life and work in his native Blantyre.

At the age of 10, David Livingstone started work in the mill, working 14 hours each day for

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Livingstone, David (1813-1873)

Geographer and missionary in Africa

Livingstone began work in the local cotton mill at the age of ten but attended the mill school from eight until ten o’clock each evening and achieved university entrance qualifications. He attended the Andersonian Medical School in Glasgow while working in the mill for part of the year to support himself. He was accepted for service by the London Missionary Society (LMS) and in 1838 went to London for theological training while continuing his medical studies there. He returned to Glasgow only to take his medical final exams.

A speech by Robert Moffat, his future father-in-law, persuaded him that Africa was where he should serve. After his ordination in London, he sailed for Cape Town and arrived in March 1841. He served for a time under Robert Moffat among the Tswana, in whose language he was soon fluent, and in 1845 married Moffat’s daughter Mary. He was determined to bring the gospel to the free peoples beyond the white-dominated south. In 1852, after sending his family back to Scotland, he went north to Zambi